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Depending on the source consulted, there may be variations in the definition of zero waste. The EPA website acknowledges this diversity, stating, "Zero waste has been defined in various ways by different entities." To provide a comprehensive overview, the EPA has compiled a webpage that gathers some of these definitions for reference.
For the most part, each of these definitions includes some form of the following elements:
- Maximizing diversion from the landfill through waste management planning
- Reducing waste at its source through life cycle analysis and system design
- Applying a “cradle to cradle” approach to waste management, as opposed to “cradle to grave”
- Applying metrics: some definitions state “zero waste” means absolutely zero waste to the landfill, while others state zero waste means at least 90% diversion
So now that some working definitions of zero waste have been established, how can zero waste be achieved?
SELECT A RECYCLING COORDINATOR
A Recycling Coordinator oversees waste management initiatives, conducting audits to identify recyclables and alternatives to landfill disposal. They choose waste haulers, customize systems for facilities, campuses, or venues, educate occupants, and monitor progress in waste diversion programs.
CONDUCT A WASTE AUDIT
A waste audit pinpoints recyclables discarded at your facility. Often called "dumpster diving," it reveals the quantity, frequency, and sources of waste, uncovering items like misprints or breakroom food scraps. This data helps divert much of the waste from landfills.
DETERMINE WHICH MATERIALS TO COLLECT
Align with city regulations and your waste hauler after the waste audit. Identify materials like glass, paper, and cardboard for collection, leveraging existing infrastructure. Explore recycling food scraps, a significant portion of landfill waste (20-30%), with composting as an alternative. Contact your municipality for local options.
SELECT YOUR COLLECTION CONTRACTOR
Collection can be provided by a recycling company, collector, or waste hauler. Many provide diversion rate statistics to help you measure your progress. Determine which vendor is best suited to help you meet your objectives.
DESIGN YOUR COLLECTION SYSTEM
Keep it simple! Pick containers and locations for collection that make them easy to use. Integrate the transfer of recyclables into the regular waste collection system, have a streamlined transfer system, and locate the storage/pickup area in a central location.
PROMOTE EMPLOYEE/TENANT PARTICIPATION
Educate your employees and building occupants and celebrate waste diversion successes! Getting to Zero Waste takes teamwork, and it always helps to get everyone involved and making contributions to the overall effort.
